Mobility and power control techniques across multiple radio access technologies

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described, in which for one or more aspects of a first transmission of a first radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., a 5G or New Radio (NR) RAT) are determined based on transmissions of a second RAT (e.g., a 4G or Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAT). A user equipment (UE) may, in some cases, determine a reference timing, a reference power, or combinations thereof for an uplink transmission of the first RAT based on a received power or reference timing of the second RAT. In some cases, handover for the first RAT may be based at least in part on an handover in the second RAT.

CROSS REFERENCES

The present Application for Patent is a Continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/129,654 by Malladi et al., entitled “MOBILITYAND POWER CONTROL TECHNIQUES ACROSS MULTIPLE RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES”filed Sep. 12, 2018, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/558,764 by Malladi et al., entitled “MOBILITY ANDPOWER CONTROL TECHNIQUES ACROSS MULTIPLE RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES,”filed Sep. 14, 2017, assigned to the assignee hereof, and expresslyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

The following relates generally to wireless communication, and morespecifically to mobility and power control techniques across multipleradio access technologies.

Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide varioustypes of communication content such as voice, video, packet data,messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable ofsupporting communication with multiple users by sharing the availablesystem resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of suchmultiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as aLong Term Evolution (LTE) systems or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, andfifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR)systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code divisionmultiple access (CDMA), time-division multiple access (TDMA), frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency-division multipleaccess (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform-spread-orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-S-OFDM). A wirelessmultiple-access communications system may include a number of basestations or network access nodes, each simultaneously supportingcommunication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwiseknown as user equipments (UEs).

SUMMARY

The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices,or apparatuses that support mobility, timing, and power controltechniques across multiple radio access technologies. Generally, thedescribed techniques provide for one or more aspects of a firsttransmission of a first radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., a 5G or newradio (NR) RAT), to be determined based on received transmissions of asecond RAT (e.g., a 4G or Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAT). In some cases,a user equipment (UE) may identify a received power of a downlinktransmission of the second RAT, and determine an uplink transmissionpower for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at leastin part on the received power of the second RAT. Additionally oralternatively, a reference timing of the second RAT may be used todetermine an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission. In somecases, the UE may establish a first connection with a first base stationusing a first RAT and establish a second connection with the first basestation using the second RAT, and initiate a handover of the firstconnection based on determining that the second connection is to behanded over to a second base station.

A method of wireless communication is described. The method may includeidentifying a first uplink transmission that is to be transmitted usinga first RAT, identifying a received power of a downlink transmission ofa second RAT that is different than the first RAT, determining a firstuplink transmission power for the first uplink transmission of the firstRAT based at least in part on the received power of the downlinktransmission of the second RAT, and transmitting the first uplinktransmission using the first uplink transmission power.

An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus mayinclude means for identifying a first uplink transmission that is to betransmitted using a first RAT, means for identifying a received power ofa downlink transmission of a second RAT that is different than the firstRAT, means for determining a first uplink transmission power for thefirst uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on thereceived power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT, and meansfor transmitting the first uplink transmission using the first uplinktransmission power.

Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatusmay include a processor, memory in electronic communication with theprocessor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions maybe operable to cause the processor to identify a first uplinktransmission that is to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify areceived power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT that isdifferent than the first RAT, determine a first uplink transmissionpower for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at leastin part on the received power of the downlink transmission of the secondRAT, and transmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplinktransmission power.

A non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication isdescribed. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may includeinstructions operable to cause a processor to identify a first uplinktransmission that is to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify areceived power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT that isdifferent than the first RAT, determine a first uplink transmissionpower for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at leastin part on the received power of the downlink transmission of the secondRAT, and transmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplinktransmission power.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the identifying the receivedpower of the downlink transmission of the second RAT further comprisesidentifying the downlink transmission of the second RAT, measuring thereceived power of the downlink transmission of the second RAT, anddetermining a pathloss associated with the downlink transmission of thesecond RAT based at least in part on the measured received power. Insome examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the determining the firstuplink transmission power for the first uplink transmission of the firstRAT further comprises using the pathloss associated with the downlinktransmission of the second RAT as a reference serving cell pathloss inan uplink power calculation for the first uplink transmission of thefirst RAT. In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, a transmitter of the downlinktransmission of the second RAT may be colocated with a receiver of thefirst uplink transmission.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the first uplink transmissionmay be a supplemental uplink transmission of the first RAT, and whereinthe method further comprises receiving a downlink transmission of thefirst RAT transmitted using a frequency that may be in a differentfrequency band than a frequency of the supplemental uplink transmission.In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the downlink transmission ofthe first RAT may not be used to determine the first uplink transmissionpower for the supplemental uplink transmission. In some examples of themethod, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium describedabove, the downlink transmission of the second RAT may be transmittedusing a frequency that may be within a same frequency band as thefrequency of the supplemental uplink transmission.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the first uplink transmissionmay be a random access channel (RACH) transmission and the receivedpower of the downlink transmission of the second RAT may be used foropen loop power control and ramping of a random access procedure.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for receiving configuration informationliking the downlink transmission of the second RAT to the first uplinktransmission of the first RAT. In some examples of the method,apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above,the configuration information may be received in radio resource control(RRC) signaling from a base station of the first RAT. In some examplesof the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable mediumdescribed above, the first RAT may be a NR or 5G RAT, and the second RATmay be a LTE or 4G RAT.

A method of wireless communication is described. The method may includeidentifying a first uplink transmission that is to be transmitted usinga first RAT, identifying a reference timing of a second RAT that isdifferent than the first RAT, determining an uplink timing for the firstuplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on thereference timing of the second RAT, and transmitting the first uplinktransmission using the uplink timing.

An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus mayinclude means for identifying a first uplink transmission that is to betransmitted using a first RAT, means for identifying a reference timingof a second RAT that is different than the first RAT, means fordetermining an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of thefirst RAT based at least in part on the reference timing of the secondRAT, and means for transmitting the first uplink transmission using theuplink timing.

Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatusmay include a processor, memory in electronic communication with theprocessor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions maybe operable to cause the processor to identify a first uplinktransmission that is to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify areference timing of a second RAT that is different than the first RAT,determine an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of thefirst RAT based at least in part on the reference timing of the secondRAT, and transmit the first uplink transmission using the uplink timing.

A non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication isdescribed. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may includeinstructions operable to cause a processor to identify a first uplinktransmission that is to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify areference timing of a second RAT that is different than the first RAT,determine an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of thefirst RAT based at least in part on the reference timing of the secondRAT, and transmit the first uplink transmission using the uplink timing.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the determining the uplinktiming further comprises identifying a timing advance group (TAG) of thefirst RAT having a timing advance (TA) that may be based at least inpart on the reference timing of the second RAT. In some examples of themethod, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium describedabove, a transmitter of the downlink transmission of the second RAT maybe colocated with a receiver of the first uplink transmission.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the first uplink transmissionmay be a supplemental uplink transmission of the first RAT, and whereinthe method further comprises receiving a downlink transmission of thefirst RAT transmitted using a higher frequency that may be in adifferent frequency band than a frequency of the supplemental uplinktransmission. In some examples of the method, apparatus, andnon-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the downlinktransmission of the first RAT may not be used to determine the uplinktiming for the supplemental uplink transmission.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for receiving configuration informationlinking the uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the firstRAT to the reference timing of the second RAT. In some examples of themethod, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium describedabove, the configuration information may be received in RRC signalingfrom a base station of the first RAT. In some examples of the method,apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above,the first RAT may be a NR or 5G RAT, and the second RAT may be a LTE or4G RAT.

A method of wireless communication is described. The method may includeidentifying a first uplink transmission that is to be transmitted usinga first RAT, identifying a received power of a downlink transmission ofa second RAT that is different than the first RAT or a reference timingof the second RAT, determining a received power of a downlinktransmission of a second RAT that is different than the first RAT or anuplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT basedat least in part on the reference timing of the second RAT, andtransmitting the first uplink transmission using the first uplinktransmission power or the uplink timing.

An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus mayinclude means for identifying a first uplink transmission that is to betransmitted using a first RAT, means for identifying a received power ofa downlink transmission of a second RAT that is different than the firstRAT or a reference timing of the second RAT, means for determining areceived power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT that isdifferent than the first RAT or an uplink timing for the first uplinktransmission of the first RAT based at least in part on the referencetiming of the second RAT, and means for transmitting the first uplinktransmission using the first uplink transmission power or the uplinktiming.

Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatusmay include a processor, memory in electronic communication with theprocessor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions maybe operable to cause the processor to identify a first uplinktransmission that is to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify areceived power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT that isdifferent than the first RAT or a reference timing of the second RAT,determine a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RATthat is different than the first RAT or an uplink timing for the firstuplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on thereference timing of the second RAT, and transmit the first uplinktransmission using the first uplink transmission power or the uplinktiming.

A non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication isdescribed. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may includeinstructions operable to cause a processor to identify a first uplinktransmission that is to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify areceived power of a downlink transmission of a second RAT that isdifferent than the first RAT or a reference timing of the second RAT,determine a received power of a downlink transmission of a second RATthat is different than the first RAT or an uplink timing for the firstuplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on thereference timing of the second RAT, and transmit the first uplinktransmission using the first uplink transmission power or the uplinktiming.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the determining the firstuplink transmission power or the uplink timing comprises determining theuplink timing, and the determining the uplink timing further comprisesidentifying a timing advance group (TAG) of the first RAT having atiming advance (TA) that may be based at least in part on the referencetiming of the second RAT. In some examples of the method, apparatus, andnon-transitory computer-readable medium described above, transmittingthe first uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission poweror the uplink timing comprises using the uplink timing, and atransmitter of the downlink transmission of the second RAT may becolocated with a receiver of the first uplink transmission.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the first uplink transmissionmay be a supplemental uplink transmission of the first RAT, and whereinthe method further comprises receiving a downlink transmission of thefirst RAT transmitted using a higher frequency that may be in adifferent frequency band than a frequency of the supplemental uplinktransmission. In some examples of the method, apparatus, andnon-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the downlinktransmission of the first RAT may not be used to determine the uplinktiming for the supplemental uplink transmission.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for receiving configuration informationlinking the uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the firstRAT to the reference timing of the second RAT, where transmitting thefirst uplink transmission using the first uplink transmission power orthe uplink timing comprises using the uplink timing. In some examples ofthe method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable mediumdescribed above, the configuration information may be received in RRCsignaling from a base station of the first RAT. In some examples of themethod, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium describedabove, transmitting the first uplink transmission using the first uplinktransmission power or the uplink timing comprises using the uplinktiming, and the first RAT may be a NR or 5G RAT, and the second RAT maybe a LTE or 4G RAT.

A method of wireless communication is described. The method may includeestablishing a first connection with a first base station using a firstRAT and a second connection with the first base station using a secondRAT, determining that the second connection is to be handed over to asecond base station, and initiating a handover of the first connectionbased at least in part on the determining that the second connection isto be handed over.

An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus mayinclude means for establishing a first connection with a first basestation using a first RAT and a second connection with the first basestation using a second RAT, means for determining that the secondconnection is to be handed over to a second base station, and means forinitiating a handover of the first connection based at least in part onthe determining that the second connection is to be handed over.

Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatusmay include a processor, memory in electronic communication with theprocessor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions maybe operable to cause the processor to establish a first connection witha first base station using a first RAT and a second connection with thefirst base station using a second RAT, determine that the secondconnection is to be handed over to a second base station, and initiate ahandover of the first connection based at least in part on thedetermining that the second connection is to be handed over.

A non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication isdescribed. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may includeinstructions operable to cause a processor to establish a firstconnection with a first base station using a first RAT and a secondconnection with the first base station using a second RAT, determinethat the second connection is to be handed over to a second basestation, and initiate a handover of the first connection based at leastin part on the determining that the second connection is to be handedover.

In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above, the second connection with thefirst base station using the second RAT may be an anchor carrierconnection and the first connection with the first base station may be asupplemental uplink connection using the first RAT. Some examples of themethod, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium describedabove may further include processes, features, means, or instructionsfor establishing a third connection, using the first RAT, with the firstbase station or a different base station. In some examples of themethod, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium describedabove, the handover of the first connection may be performedindependently of a second handover of the third connection. In someexamples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readablemedium described above, the first base station includes a first servingcell for the first RAT that may be collocated with a second serving cellfor the second RAT.

Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitorycomputer-readable medium described above may further include processes,features, means, or instructions for receiving configuration informationlinking the handover for the first connection to the handover of thesecond connection. In some examples of the method, apparatus, andnon-transitory computer-readable medium described above, theconfiguration information may be received in RRC signaling from thefirst base station. In some examples of the method, apparatus, andnon-transitory computer-readable medium described above, the first RATmay be a NR or 5G RAT, and the second RAT may be a LTE or 4G RAT.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system thatsupports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radioaccess technologies in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a portion of a wireless communicationssystem that supports mobility and power control techniques acrossmultiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a portion of a wireless communicationssystem with multiple radio access technologies having overlappingcoverage areas that supports mobility and power control techniquesacross multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of handover between base stations of awireless communications system that supports mobility and power controltechniques across multiple radio access technologies in accordance withaspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates another example of handover between base stations ofa wireless communications system that supports mobility and powercontrol techniques across multiple radio access technologies inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of wireless devices that supportmobility and power control techniques across multiple radio accesstechnologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supportsmobility and power control techniques across multiple radio accesstechnologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of a system including a device thatsupports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radioaccess technologies in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 10 through 13 show flowcharts illustrating methods for mobilityand power control techniques across multiple radio access technologiesin accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various described techniques provide for one or more aspects of a firsttransmission of a first radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., a 5G or NewRadio (NR) RAT), to be determined based on transmissions of a second RAT(e.g., a 4G or Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAT). In some cases, a userequipment (UE) may establish a connection using the first RAT that has ahigh-band component and a low-band component that may each use wirelesschannels in different frequency bands. In some cases, the low-bandcomponent may be in a lower frequency band than the high-band component,and may be used for supplemental uplink (SUL) transmissions from the UE.Further, SUL transmissions of the first RAT using the low-band componentmay not have an associated downlink transmission. In various examples,aspects of the low-band component of the first RAT may be determinedbased on one or more downlink transmissions of the second RAT. In somecases, the UE may identify a received power of a downlink transmissionof the second RAT, and determine an uplink transmission power for SULtransmissions of the first RAT based at least in part on the receivedpower of the second RAT. In some cases, a reference timing of the secondRAT may be used to determine an uplink timing for SUL transmissions ofthe first RAT. In some cases, the UE may establish a first connectionwith a first base station using the first RAT and establish a secondconnection with the first base station using the second RAT, andinitiate a handover of the first connection based on determining thatthe second connection is to be handed over to a second base station.

In some cases, a UE may have a capability to communicate using two ormore RATs, such as a 5G or NR RAT and a 4G or LTE RAT. Furthermore, insome cases base stations using the two or more RATs may have overlappingcoverage areas, and in some cases a base station may have co-locatedtransmitters for the two or more RATs. For example, a base station mayhave a colocated NR cell and LTE cell. For example, the NR cell and LTEcell may be colocated at a same call site, at a same antenna tower, on asame antenna mast, or at a same antenna or set antennas.

In some cases, a first set of base stations may support both an NR celland an LTE cell, and a second set of base stations may support only NRcells. In such cases, the first set of base stations may use low-bandtransmissions in a lower frequency band (e.g., a 600 MHz frequency band)and the second set of base stations may use high-band transmissions in ahigher frequency band (e.g., a 4 GHz frequency band). UE uplinktransmissions on the high-band transmissions may lead, in some cases, tolink budget limitations (e.g., due to higher propagation loss ofhigh-band transmissions relative to low-band transmissions), and in somecases high-band transmissions are time-division duplexing (TDD)transmissions with relatively low duty cycle uplink transmissions. Insuch cases, the low-band SUL transmissions may be beneficial to provideadditional uplink transmission capacity to a UE. Furthermore, in somecases the NR SUL transmissions may not have corresponding low-banddownlink transmissions. In such cases, a UE may not have associatedlow-band downlink transmissions for purposes of power control, referencetiming, and handover determinations. Various aspects of the presentdisclosure provide techniques for such power control, reference timing,and handover determinations.

Various aspects of the present disclosure, as indicated above, providefor one or more aspects of a first transmission of a first RAT, to bedetermined based on transmissions of a second RAT. In some cases, a UEmay identify a received power of a downlink transmission of the secondRAT, such as a downlink reference signal transmission of the second RAT.In some cases, the downlink transmission of the second RAT may be from acell that is colocated with a cell that receives the first uplinktransmission of the second RAT. The UE may determine an uplinktransmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RATbased at least in part on the received power of the downlinktransmission of the second RAT. Additionally or alternatively, areference timing of the second RAT may be used to determine an uplinktiming for the first uplink transmission. In some cases, the UE mayestablish a first connection with the first RAT cell and establish asecond connection with the second RAT cell that is colocated with thefirst RAT cell, and initiate a handover of the first connection based ondetermining that the second connection is to be handed over.

Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of awireless communications system. Aspects of the disclosure are furtherillustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams,system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to mobility and powercontrol techniques across multiple radio access technologies.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100that supports mobility and power control techniques across multipleradio access technologies in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The wireless communications system 100 includes basestations 105, UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, thewireless communications system 100 may be a LTE network, an LTE-Advanced(LTE-A) network, a NR network, or support one or more thereof. In somecases, wireless communications system 100 may support enhanced broadbandcommunications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical) communications,low latency communications, or communications with low-cost andlow-complexity devices. In some cases, mobility, timing, or powercontrol aspects of one RAT may be used to determine mobility, timing, orpower control for one or more transmissions of a second RAT.

Base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with UEs 115 via one ormore base station antennas. Base stations 105 described herein mayinclude or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a basetransceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radiotransceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation Node B orgiga-nodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB), a Home NodeB,a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. Wirelesscommunications system 100 may include base stations 105 of differenttypes (e.g., macro or small cell base stations). The UEs 115 describedherein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations105 and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs,relay base stations, and the like.

Each base station 105 may be associated with a particular geographiccoverage area 110 in which communications with various UEs 115 issupported. Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage fora respective geographic coverage area 110 via communication links 125,and communication links 125 between a base station 105 and a UE 115 mayutilize one or more carriers. Communication links 125 shown in wirelesscommunications system 100 may include uplink transmissions from a UE 115to a base station 105, or downlink transmissions, from a base station105 to a UE 115. Downlink transmissions may also be called forward linktransmissions while uplink transmissions may also be called reverse linktransmissions.

The geographic coverage area 110 for a base station 105 may be dividedinto sectors making up only a portion of the geographic coverage area110, and each sector may be associated with a cell. For example, eachbase station 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, asmall cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or various combinationsthereof. In some examples, a base station 105 may be movable andtherefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographiccoverage area 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas110 associated with different technologies may overlap, and overlappinggeographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies maybe supported by the same base station 105 or by different base stations105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, aheterogeneous LTE/LTE-A or NR network in which different types of basestations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110.

The term “cell” refers to a logical communication entity used forcommunication with a base station 105 (e.g., over a carrier), and may beassociated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells(e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier(VCID)) operating via the same or a different carrier. In some examples,a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may beconfigured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-typecommunication (MTC), narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT), enhancedmobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access fordifferent types of devices. In some cases, the term “cell” may refer toa portion of a geographic coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over whichthe logical entity operates.

UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communications system100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 may also bereferred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, ahandheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitableterminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, astation, a terminal, or a client. A UE 115 may also be a personalelectronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant(PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. Insome examples, a UE 115 may also refer to a wireless local loop (WLL)station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything(IoE) device, or an MTC device, or the like, which may be implemented invarious articles such as appliances, vehicles, meters, or the like.

Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or lowcomplexity devices, and may provide for automated communication betweenmachines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication). M2Mcommunication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies thatallow devices to communicate with one another or a base station 105without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTCmay include communications from devices that integrate sensors or metersto measure or capture information and relay that information to acentral server or application program that can make use of theinformation or present the information to humans interacting with theprogram or application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collectinformation or enable automated behavior of machines. Examples ofapplications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventorymonitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcaremonitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological eventmonitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing,physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.

Base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130 and with oneanother. For example, base stations 105 may interface with the corenetwork 130 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., via an S1 or otherinterface). Base stations 105 may communicate with one another overbackhaul links 134 (e.g., via an X2 or other interface) either directly(e.g., directly between base stations 105) or indirectly (e.g., via corenetwork 130).

The core network 130 may provide user authentication, accessauthorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and otheraccess, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be anevolved packet core (EPC), which may include at least one mobilitymanagement entity (MME), at least one serving gateway (S-GW), and atleast one Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW). The MME may managenon-access stratum (e.g., control plane) functions such as mobility,authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by basestations 105 associated with the EPC. User IP packets may be transferredthrough the S-GW, which itself may be connected to the P-GW. The P-GWmay provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The P-GWmay be connected to the network operators IP services. The operators IPservices may include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IPMultimedia Subsystem (IMS), or a Packet-Switched (PS) Streaming Service.

At least some of the network devices, such as a base station 105, mayinclude subcomponents such as an access network entity, which may be anexample of an access node controller (ANC). Each access network entitymay communicate with UEs 115 through a number of other access networktransmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio head, a smartradio head, or a transmission/reception point (TRP). In someconfigurations, various functions of each access network entity or basestation 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g.,radio heads and access network controllers) or consolidated into asingle network device (e.g., a base station 105).

Wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or morefrequency bands, typically in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz.Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-highfrequency (UHF) region or decimeter band, since the wavelengths rangefrom approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves maybe blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features.However, the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macrocell to provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHFwaves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter range (e.g.,less than 100 km) compared to transmission using the smaller frequenciesand longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF)portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in a super highfrequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, alsoknown as the centimeter band. The SHF region includes bands such as the5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands, which may be usedopportunistically by devices that can tolerate interference from otherusers.

Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in an extremely highfrequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz),also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, wirelesscommunications system 100 may support beamformed millimeter wave (mmW)communications between UEs 115 and base stations 105, and EHF antennasof the respective devices may be even smaller and more closely spacedthan UHF antennas. In some cases, this may facilitate use of antennaarrays within a UE 115. However, the propagation of EHF transmissionsmay be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter rangethan SHF or UHF transmissions. Techniques disclosed herein may beemployed across transmissions that use one or more different frequencyregions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions maydiffer by country or regulating body.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may utilize bothlicensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example,wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access(LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technologyin an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz ISM band. When operating inunlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, wireless devices such as basestations 105 and UEs 115 may employ listen-before-talk (LBT) proceduresto ensure a frequency channel is clear before transmitting data. In somecases, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a CA configurationin conjunction with CCs operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA).Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions,uplink transmissions, peer-to-peer transmissions, or a combination ofthese. Duplexing in unlicensed spectrum may be based onfrequency-division duplexing (FDD), time-division duplexing (TDD), or acombination of both.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-basednetwork that operate according to a layered protocol stack. In the userplane, communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol(PDCP) layer may be IP-based. A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may insome cases perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicateover logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may performpriority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transportchannels. The MAC layer may also use hybrid automatic repeat request(HARD) to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve linkefficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC)protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenanceof an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a base station 105 or corenetwork 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At thePhysical (PHY) layer, transport channels may be mapped to physicalchannels.

In some cases, UEs 115 and base stations 105 may support retransmissionsof data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully.HARQ feedback is one technique of increasing the likelihood that data isreceived correctly over a communication link 125. HARQ may include acombination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check(CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g.,automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ may improve throughput at the MAClayer in poor radio conditions (e.g., signal-to-noise conditions). Insome cases, a wireless device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, wherethe device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for datareceived in a previous symbol in the slot. In other cases, the devicemay provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to someother time interval.

The term “carrier” refers to a set of radio frequency spectrum resourceshaving a defined physical layer structure for supporting communicationsover a communication link 125. For example, a carrier of a communicationlink 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band thatis operated according to physical layer channels for a given radioaccess technology. Each physical layer channel may carry user data,control information, or other signaling. A carrier may be associatedwith a pre-defined frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) (E-UTRA) absolute radio frequencychannel number (EARFCN)), and may be positioned according to a channelraster for discovery by UEs 115. Carriers may be downlink or uplink(e.g., in an FDD mode), or be configured to carry downlink and uplinkcommunications (e.g., in a TDD mode). In some examples, signal waveformstransmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiple sub-carriers(e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such asorthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fouriertransform-spread-OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM).

The organizational structure of the carriers may be different fordifferent radio access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, NR, etc.). Forexample, communications over a carrier may be organized according toTTIs or slots, each of which may include user data as well as controlinformation or signaling to support decoding the user data. A carriermay also include dedicated acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronizationsignals or system information, etc.) and control signaling thatcoordinates operation for the carrier. In some examples (e.g., in acarrier aggregation configuration), a carrier may also have acquisitionsignaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for othercarriers.

Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to varioustechniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel maybe multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using time-divisionmultiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency-division multiplexing (FDM)techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. In some examples, controlinformation transmitted in a physical control channel may be distributedbetween different control regions in a cascaded manner (e.g., between acommon control region or common search space and one or more UE-specificcontrol regions or UE-specific search spaces).

A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the radiofrequency spectrum, and in some examples the carrier bandwidth may bereferred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wirelesscommunications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be oneof a number of predetermined bandwidths for carriers of a particularradio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 MHz).Wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE115 on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to ascarrier aggregation (CA) or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may beconfigured with multiple downlink CCs and one or more uplink CCsaccording to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregationmay be used with both FDD and TDD component carriers.

In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate overportions or all of the carrier bandwidth. In other examples, some UEs115 may be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type thatis associated with a predefined portion or range (e.g., set ofsubcarriers or RBs) within a carrier (e.g., “in-band” deployment of anarrowband protocol type). In some cases, a UE 115 may be configuredwith one or more high-band carriers and one or more low-band SULcarriers. In some cases, a low-band SUL carrier may not have anassociated downlink transmission, and a UE 115 may identify a downlinktransmission of a different RAT (e.g., a downlink transmission of a sameor relatively close frequency band as the frequency band for the SULcarrier) and use one or more measurements of the identified downlinktransmission to determine an uplink transmission power for the low-bandSUL transmissions, timing information for the low-band SULtransmissions, whether to handover the low-band SUL transmissions to adifferent base station, or any combination thereof.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a portion of a wireless communicationssystem 200 that supports mobility and power control techniques acrossmultiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects of thepresent disclosure. In some examples, wireless communications system 200may implement aspects of wireless communications system 100. In theexample of FIG. 2, the wireless communications system 200 may include afirst base station 105-a, a second base station 105-b, a third basestation 105-c, and a fourth base station 105-d, which may be examples ofbase stations 105 of FIG. 1. The wireless communications system 200 mayalso include a first UE 115-a, a second UE 115-b, and a third UE 115-c,which may be examples of UEs of FIG. 1.

In this example, the first base station 105-a may have a relativelylarge first geographic coverage area 205, and may support transmissionsat relatively low frequencies. For example, the first base station 105-amay support SUL transmissions. The second base station 105-b may have arelatively small second geographic coverage area 210, and may supporttransmissions at relatively high frequencies. Likewise, the third basestation 105-c may have a relatively small third geographic coverage area215, and the fourth base station 105-d may have a relatively smallfourth geographic coverage area 220, and each of the third base station105-c and fourth base station 105-d may support transmissions atrelatively high frequencies. In this example, the first UE 115-a mayhave a high-band connection 225 established with the second base station105-b, and may transmit a low-band transmission 240 to the first basestation 105-a. Similarly, the second UE 115-b may have a high-bandconnection 230 established with the third base station 105-c, andtransmit a low-band transmission 245 to the first base station 105-a.Likewise, the third UE 115-c may have a high-band connection 235established with the fourth base station 105-d, and may transmit alow-band transmission 250 to the first base station 105-a.

The high-band connections 225, 230, and 235 may use relatively highfrequencies, as indicated above. In some examples, the high-bandconnections 225, 230, and 235 may use frequencies in the area of 4 GHzor higher. In some cases, the high-band connections 225, 230, and 235may be beamformed mmW transmissions. The low-band transmissions 240,245, and 250 may use relatively low frequencies, such as frequencies inthe area of 600 MHz. In some cases, the low-band transmissions 240, 245,and 250 may be uplink only transmissions according to SUL transmissiontechniques. In some examples, the high-band connections 225, 230, and235 may be TDD transmissions having a high-band TDD downlink portion 255and a high-band TDD uplink portion 260. The low-band transmissions 240,245, and 250 may have low-band uplink portions 265.

As indicated above, the high-band connections 225, 230, and 235 maylead, in some cases, to link budget limitations (e.g., due to higherpropagation loss of high-band transmissions relative to low-bandtransmissions), and the low-band transmissions 240, 245, and 250 may beSUL transmissions that enhance uplink transmissions of the high-bandconnections 225, 230, and 235. Furthermore, as indicated above, thelow-band transmissions 240, 245, and 250 may not have correspondinglow-band downlink transmissions. In some cases, a UE 115 may rely on apaired downlink transmission to determine uplink power control or timingof associated uplink transmissions. Since the low-band transmissions240, 245, and 250 in this example do not have such paired downlinktransmissions, other techniques may be used to determine uplink powercontrol or timing information. In some cases, the UEs 115 may beconfigured to use a closed loop power control technique. In some cases,an uplink transmit power P_(PUSCH,c) may be determined according to thefollowing equation:

${{P_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} = {\min{\begin{Bmatrix}{{{P_{{CMAX},c}(i)},}\mspace{599mu}} \\{{10{\log_{10}\left( {M_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} \right)}} + {P_{{O\_ PUSCH},c}(j)} + {{\alpha_{c}(j)} \cdot {PL}_{c}} + {\Delta_{{TF},c}(i)} + {f_{c}(i)}}\end{Bmatrix}\mspace{14mu}\lbrack{dBm}\rbrack}}},$where P_(CMAX,c) (i) for subframe (i) is a maximum uplink transmitpower, M_(PUSCH,c) (i) is the number of resource blocks (RBs) of the SULtransmission, P_(O_PUSCH,c)(j) is the reference transmit power for theSUL data channel where j corresponds to a semi-persistent or randomaccess transmission, α_(c)(j) is a fractional power control parameter,PL_(c) pathloss component (e.g., computed as a reference signaltransmission power minus a reference signal received power (RSRP)),Δ_(TF,c)(i) is a transmission format adjustment, and f_(c)(i) is a powercontrol adjustment.

In some examples the UEs 115 may set the α_(c)(j) to zero, and the valueof P_(O_PUSCH,c)(j) may be configured via control signaling (e.g., RRCsignaling). In such cases, the UEs 115 may be configured with a fixedtransmission power as a starting transmission power, and closed-looppower control signaling may be used to adjust the transmission powerthrough indications of P_(O_PUSCH,c)(j) values. A UE 115 may, in someexamples, initiate a random access transmission using the fixed startingtransmit power and perform power ramping based on open-loop randomaccess power techniques until closed-loop power control is established.In other examples, such as described with reference to FIG. 3, open looppower control techniques may be implemented by using one or moretransmissions of a different RAT to perform measurements used fordetermining uplink power.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a portion of a wireless communicationssystem 300 with multiple radio access technologies having overlappingcoverage areas that supports mobility and power control techniquesacross multiple radio access technologies in accordance with aspects ofthe present disclosure. In some examples, wireless communications system300 may implement aspects of wireless communications system 100. In theexample of FIG. 3, the wireless communications system 300 may include afirst base station 105-e, a second base station 105-f, a third basestation 105-g, and a fourth base station 105-h, which may be examples ofbase stations 105 of FIG. 1. The wireless communications system 300 mayalso include a first UE 115-d, a second UE 115-e, and a third UE 115-f,which may be examples of UEs of FIG. 1.

In this example, the first base station 105-e may have a relativelylarge first geographic coverage area 305, and may support transmissionsat relatively low frequencies. For example, the first base station 105-emay support low-band transmissions. The second base station 105-f mayhave a relatively small second geographic coverage area 310, and maysupport transmissions at relatively high frequencies. Likewise, thethird base station 105-g may have a relatively small third geographiccoverage area 315, and the fourth base station 105-h may have arelatively small fourth geographic coverage area 320, and each of thethird base station 105-g and fourth base station 105-h may supporttransmissions at relatively high frequencies. In this example, the firstUE 115-d may have a high-band connection 325 established with the secondbase station 105-f, and may transmit a low-band transmission 340 to thefirst base station 105-e. Similarly, the second UE 115-e may have ahigh-band connection 330 established with the third base station 105-g,and may transmit a low-band transmission 345 to the first base station105-e. Likewise, the third UE 115-f may have a high-band connection 335established with the fourth base station 105-h, and may transmit alow-band transmission 350 to the first base station 105-e.

The high-band connections 325, 330, and 335 may use relatively highfrequencies, as indicated above (e.g., using frequencies in the area of4 GHz or higher, or beamformed mmW transmissions). The low-bandtransmissions 340, 345, and 350 may use relatively low frequencies, suchas frequencies in the area of 600 MHz. In some cases, the low-bandtransmissions 340, 345, and 350 may be uplink only transmissionsaccording to SUL transmission techniques. In some examples, thehigh-band connections 325, 330, and 335 may be TDD transmissions such asdiscussed above with reference to FIG. 2, and the low-band transmissions340, 345, and 350 may be low-band uplink transmissions such as discussedabove with reference to FIG. 2.

In the example of FIG. 3, the first base station 105-e may supportcommunications using multiple RATs (e.g., a 4G RAT and a 5G RAT). Insuch cases, the low-band transmissions 340, 345, and 350 may betransmissions of a first RAT (e.g., a 5G or NR RAT), and the first basestation 105-e may also transmit downlink transmissions of a second RAT(e.g., a 4G or LTE RAT), such as downlink reference signals of thesecond RAT. In this example, the first base station 105-e may transmit afirst downlink signal 355 that may be received at the first UE 115-d, asecond downlink signal 360 that may be received at the second UE 115-e,and a third downlink signal 365 that may be received at the third UE115-f In such cases, each of the UEs 115 may determine an uplinktransmit power P_(PUSCH,c) according to the above-described uplinktransmit power equation:

${P_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} = {\min{{\begin{Bmatrix}{{{P_{{CMAX},c}(i)},}\mspace{599mu}} \\{{10{\log_{10}\left( {M_{{PUSCH},c}(i)} \right)}} + {P_{{O\_ PUSCH},c}(j)} + {{\alpha_{c}(j)} \cdot {PL}_{c}} + {\Delta_{{TF},c}(i)} + {f_{c}(i)}}\end{Bmatrix}\mspace{14mu}\lbrack{dBm}\rbrack}.}}$

The various components are the same as discussed with reference to FIG.2, and in this case the UEs 115 perform open loop power control by notsetting the value of α_(c)(j) to zero, but instead setting this factoraccording to established fractional power control techniques, and usingthe reference signals of the downlink signals 355, 360, and 365 tocompute PL_(c). In some examples, the first base station 105-e maytransmit LTE downlink reference signals according to establishedtechniques, and each UE may measure a RSRP of the downlink referencesignal and compute PL_(c) based on a transmit power of the referencesignal less the RSRP. In such cases, the UEs 115 may select downlinkcarrier frequencies on which to measure RSRP as frequencies that arerelatively close to frequencies used for the SUL low-band transmissions340, 345, and 350. In some cases, a receiver of the SUL low-bandtransmissions 340, 345, and 350 may be co-located with a transmitter ofthe downlink signals 355, 360, and 365, and thus power control of theSUL low-band transmissions 340, 345, and 350 based on measurements ofthe downlink signals 355, 360, and 365 may provide accurate uplinktransmission power. In some cases, the UEs 115 may be configured, suchas via RRC signaling, with a cell of the first base station 105-e thatis to be used for measuring downlink reference signals for purposes ofcomputing the pathloss parameter for uplink power control.

Furthermore, in some cases, one or more timing parameters associatedwith the SUL low-band transmissions 340, 345, and 350 may be determinedbased on measurements of the downlink signals 355, 360, and 365. Asindicated above, the SUL low-band transmissions 340, 345, and 350 do nothave paired downlink transmissions, and thus timing information for theSUL low-band transmissions 340, 345, and 350 may also be determinedbased on the downlink signals 355, 360, and 365. In some cases, timinginformation of the LTE cell associated with the downlink signals 355,360, and 365 may be used to determine uplink timing of the SUL low-bandtransmissions 340, 345, and 350. Such timing information may be used ontiming advance groups (TAGs) of the LTE cell and determined according toestablished LTE timing advance techniques.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of handover between base stations of awireless communications system 400 that supports mobility and powercontrol techniques across multiple radio access technologies inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples,wireless communications system 400 may implement aspects of wirelesscommunications systems 100, 200, or 300. In the example of FIG. 4, thewireless communications system 500 may include a first base station105-i, a second base station 105-j, and a second base station 105-kwhich may be examples of base stations 105 of FIG. 1, 2, or 3. Thewireless communications system 300 may also include a UE 115-g, whichmay be an example of UEs of FIG. 1, 2, or 3.

In this example, the first base station 105-i may support a high-bandconnection 405 on a first RAT, such as a 5G or NR RAT. The UE 115-g mayestablish the high-band connection 405, and also establish a firstlow-band SUL transmission 410 to the second base station 105-j.Additionally, the UE 115-g may establish a first anchor carrierconnection 415 with the second base station 105-j. The first anchorcarrier connection 415 may be, for example, an LTE or 4G anchor carrier.In this example, the UE 115-g may move from a first location to a secondlocation such that the third base station 105-k may be better able tosupport the low-band communications with the UE 115-g. In such a case, ahandover may be initiated to handover the UE 115-g from the second basestation 105-j to the third base station 105-k. In such a case, thehandover may be initiated based on measurements associated with thefirst anchor carrier connection 415, and may lead to the establishmentof a second anchor carrier connection 420 with the third base station105-k. The first low-band SUL transmission 410, in such cases, may alsobe handed over to the third base station 105-k, and a second low-bandSUL transmission 425 may be made from the UE 115-g to the third basestation 105-k. In some cases, the UE 115-g may be configured (e.g., viaRRC signaling) to handover the first low-band SUL transmission 410 basedon the anchor carrier. In this case, the high-band connection 405 may bemaintained at the first base station 105-i, and thus handover ofhigh-band connections may be performed independently of the handover oflow-band connections. In other cases, such as described below andillustrated in FIG. 5, high-band transmissions and low-bandtransmissions may have handover boundaries aligned, such as when a cellsupporting a high-band connection is colocated with a cell supportinglow-band SUL transmissions.

FIG. 5 illustrates another example of handover between base stations ofa wireless communications system 500 that supports mobility and powercontrol techniques across multiple radio access technologies inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples,wireless communications system 500 may implement aspects of wirelesscommunications systems 100, 200, or 300. In the example of FIG. 5, thewireless communications system 500 may include a first base station105-1, and a second base station 105-m, which may be examples of basestations 105 of FIG. 1, 2, or 3. The wireless communications system 300may also include a UE 115-h, which may be an example of UEs of FIG. 1,2, or 3.

In this example, the first base station 105-1 may support both a firsthigh-band connection 505 on a first RAT, such as a 5G or NR RAT, and afirst low-band SUL transmission 510 on the first RAT. Additionally, theUE 115-h may establish a first anchor carrier connection 515 with thefirst base station 105-1. The first anchor carrier connection 515 maybe, for example, an LTE or 4G anchor carrier. In this example, the UE115-1 may move from a first location to a second location such that thesecond base station 105-m may be better able to support thecommunications with the UE 115-h. In such a case, a handover may beinitiated to handover the UE 115-h from the first base station 105-1 tothe second base station 105-m. In such a case, the handover may beinitiated based on measurements associated with the first anchor carrierconnection 515, and may lead to the establishment of a second anchorcarrier connection 520 with the second base station 105-m. The firstlow-band SUL transmission 510 and the first high-band connection 505, insuch cases, may also be handed over to the second base station 105-m,and a second low-band SUL transmission 525 and a second high-bandconnection 530 may be made from the UE 115-h to the second base station105-m.

In some cases, the UE 115-h may be configured (e.g., via RRC signaling)to handover the first low-band SUL transmission 510 and the firsthigh-band connection 505 based on the anchor carrier. In this case, thefirst high-band connection 505 handover may be boundary aligned withlow-band connections. Such a technique may be used in some cases where acell serving the high-band connection is colocated with a cellsupporting the SUL low-band transmissions.

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a wireless device 605 that supportsmobility and power control techniques across multiple radio accesstechnologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.Wireless device 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 asdescribed herein. Wireless device 605 may include receiver 610,communications manager 615, and transmitter 620. Wireless device 605 mayalso include a processor. Each of these components may be incommunication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

Receiver 610 may receive information such as packets, user data, orcontrol information associated with various information channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, and information related to mobility andpower control techniques across multiple radio access technologies,etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device.The receiver 610 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 935described with reference to FIG. 9. The receiver 610 may utilize asingle antenna or a set of antennas.

Communications manager 615 may be an example of aspects of thecommunications manager 915 described with reference to FIG. 9.

Communications manager 615 and/or at least some of its varioussub-components may be implemented in hardware, software executed by aprocessor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented insoftware executed by a processor, the functions of the communicationsmanager 615 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may beexecuted by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor(DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), anfield-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device,discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or anycombination thereof designed to perform the functions described in thepresent disclosure. The communications manager 615 and/or at least someof its various sub-components may be physically located at variouspositions, including being distributed such that portions of functionsare implemented at different physical locations by one or more physicaldevices. In some examples, communications manager 615 and/or at leastsome of its various sub-components may be a separate and distinctcomponent in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.In other examples, communications manager 615 and/or at least some ofits various sub-components may be combined with one or more otherhardware components, including but not limited to an I/O component, atransceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or moreother components described in the present disclosure, or a combinationthereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

Communications manager 615 may identify a first uplink transmission thatis to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify a received power of adownlink transmission of a second RAT that is different than the firstRAT, determine a first uplink transmission power for the first uplinktransmission of the first RAT based on the received power of thedownlink transmission of the second RAT, and transmit the first uplinktransmission using the first uplink transmission power.

The communications manager 615 may also identify a first uplinktransmission that is to be transmitted using a first RAT, identify areference timing of a second RAT that is different than the first RAT,determine an uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of thefirst RAT based on the reference timing of the second RAT, and transmitthe first uplink transmission using the uplink timing.

The communications manager 615 may also establish a first connectionwith a first base station using a first RAT and a second connection withthe first base station using a second RAT, determine that the secondconnection is to be handed over to a second base station, and initiate ahandover of the first connection based on the determining that thesecond connection is to be handed over.

Transmitter 620 may transmit signals generated by other components ofthe device. In some examples, the transmitter 620 may be collocated witha receiver 610 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 620may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 935 described withreference to FIG. 9. The transmitter 620 may utilize a single antenna ora set of antennas.

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a wireless device 705 that supportsmobility and power control techniques across multiple radio accesstechnologies in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.Wireless device 705 may be an example of aspects of a wireless device605 or a UE 115 as described with reference to FIG. 6. Wireless device705 may include receiver 710, communications manager 715, andtransmitter 720. Wireless device 705 may also include a processor. Eachof these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., viaone or more buses).

Receiver 710 may receive information such as packets, user data, orcontrol information associated with various information channels (e.g.,control channels, data channels, and information related to mobility andpower control techniques across multiple radio access technologies,etc.). Information may be passed on to other components of the device.The receiver 710 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 935described with reference to FIG. 9. The receiver 710 may utilize asingle antenna or a set of antennas.

Communications manager 715 may be an example of aspects of thecommunications manager 915 described with reference to FIG. 9.Communications manager 715 may also include first RAT transmissionmanager 725, measuring component 730, power determination component 735,timing manager 740, and handover manager 745.

First RAT transmission manager 725 may identify a first uplinktransmission that is to be transmitted using a first RAT. The firstuplink transmission may use uplink transmission power, uplink timing, orcombinations thereof that are determined based on a downlinktransmission of a second RAT. The first RAT transmission manager 725 maytransmit the first uplink transmission using the uplink timing, andtransmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplinktransmission power. In some cases, a first connection may be establishedwith a first base station using the first RAT and a second connectionmay be established with the first base station using a second RAT. Insome cases, the first RAT is a NR or 5G RAT, and the second RAT is a LTEor 4G RAT. In some cases, a transmitter of the downlink transmission ofthe second RAT is colocated with a receiver of the first uplinktransmission. In some cases, the downlink transmission of the second RATis transmitted using a frequency that is within a same frequency band asthe frequency of the supplemental uplink transmission. In some cases,the second connection with the first base station using the second RATis an anchor carrier connection and the first connection with the firstbase station is a supplemental uplink connection using the first RAT. Insome cases, the first base station includes a first serving cell for thefirst RAT that is collocated with a second serving cell for the secondRAT.

Measuring component 730 may identify a received power of a downlinktransmission of the second RAT (e.g., a RSRP) that is different than thefirst RAT. In some cases, the identifying the received power of thedownlink transmission of the second RAT further includes identifying thedownlink transmission of the second RAT, measuring the received power ofthe downlink transmission of the second RAT, and determining a pathlossassociated with the downlink transmission of the second RAT based on themeasured received power.

Power determination component 735 may determine a first uplinktransmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RATbased on the received power of the downlink transmission of the secondRAT. In some cases, the determining the first uplink transmission powerfor the first uplink transmission of the first RAT further includesusing the pathloss associated with the downlink transmission of thesecond RAT as a reference serving cell pathloss in an uplink powercalculation for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT.

Timing manager 740 may identify a reference timing of a second RAT thatis different than the first RAT and determine an uplink timing for thefirst uplink transmission of the first RAT based on the reference timingof the second RAT. In some cases, the determining the uplink timingfurther includes identifying a TAG of the first RAT having a timingadvance (TA) that is based on the reference timing of the second RAT.

Handover manager 745 may determine that the second connection is to behanded over to a second base station and initiate a handover of thefirst connection based on the determining that the second connection isto be handed over. In some cases, the handover of the first connectionis performed independently of a second handover of a third connection.

Transmitter 720 may transmit signals generated by other components ofthe device. In some examples, the transmitter 720 may be collocated witha receiver 710 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 720may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 935 described withreference to FIG. 9. The transmitter 720 may utilize a single antenna ora set of antennas.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a communications manager 815 thatsupports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radioaccess technologies in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. The communications manager 815 may be an example of aspectsof a communications manager 615, a communications manager 715, or acommunications manager 915 described with reference to FIGS. 6, 7, and9. The communications manager 815 may include first RAT transmissionmanager 820, measuring component 825, power determination component 830,timing manager 835, handover manager 840, low-band transmission manager845, high-band transmission manager 850, random access manager 855, andconfiguration manager 860. Each of these modules may communicate,directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

First RAT transmission manager 820 may identify a first uplinktransmission that is to be transmitted using a first RAT. The firstuplink transmission may use uplink transmission power, uplink timing, orcombinations thereof that are determined based on a downlinktransmission of a second RAT. The first RAT transmission manager 820 maytransmit the first uplink transmission using the uplink timing, andtransmit the first uplink transmission using the first uplinktransmission power. In some cases, a first connection may be establishedwith a first base station using the first RAT and a second connectionmay be established with the first base station using a second RAT. Insome cases, the first RAT is a NR or 5G RAT, and the second RAT is a LTEor 4G RAT. In some cases, a transmitter of the downlink transmission ofthe second RAT is colocated with a receiver of the first uplinktransmission. In some cases, the downlink transmission of the second RATis transmitted using a frequency that is within a same frequency band asthe frequency of the supplemental uplink transmission. In some cases,the second connection with the first base station using the second RATis an anchor carrier connection and the first connection with the firstbase station is a supplemental uplink connection using the first RAT. Insome cases, the first base station includes a first serving cell for thefirst RAT that is collocated with a second serving cell for the secondRAT.

Measuring component 825 may identify a received power of a downlinktransmission of the second RAT (e.g., a RSRP) that is different than thefirst RAT. In some cases, the identifying the received power of thedownlink transmission of the second RAT further includes identifying thedownlink transmission of the second RAT, measuring the received power ofthe downlink transmission of the second RAT, and determining a pathlossassociated with the downlink transmission of the second RAT based on themeasured received power.

Power determination component 830 may determine a first uplinktransmission power for the first uplink transmission of the first RATbased on the received power of the downlink transmission of the secondRAT. In some cases, the determining the first uplink transmission powerfor the first uplink transmission of the first RAT further includesusing the pathloss associated with the downlink transmission of thesecond RAT as a reference serving cell pathloss in an uplink powercalculation for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT.

Timing manager 835 may identify a reference timing of a second RAT thatis different than the first RAT and determine an uplink timing for thefirst uplink transmission of the first RAT based on the reference timingof the second RAT. In some cases, the determining the uplink timingfurther includes identifying a TAG of the first RAT having a TA that isbased on the reference timing of the second RAT.

Handover manager 840 may determine that the second connection is to behanded over to a second base station and initiate a handover of thefirst connection based on the determining that the second connection isto be handed over. In some cases, the handover of the first connectionis performed independently of a second handover of the third connection.

Low-band transmission manager 845 may manage one or more low-band SULtransmissions. In some cases, the first uplink transmission is asupplemental uplink transmission (e.g., a low-band supplemental uplinktransmission) of the first RAT, and where a downlink transmission (e.g.,a high-band downlink transmission) of the first RAT may be received at afrequency that is in a different frequency band than a frequency of thesupplemental uplink transmission.

High-band transmission manager 850 may manage one or more high-bandconnections. In some cases, the downlink transmission of the first RATmay not be used to determine the first uplink transmission power for thesupplemental uplink transmission.

Random access manager 855 may perform random access procedure for aconnection. In some cases, the first uplink transmission is a randomaccess channel (RACH) transmission and the received power of thedownlink transmission of the second RAT is used for open loop powercontrol and ramping of a random access procedure.

Configuration manager 860 may receive configuration information linkingthe downlink transmission of the second RAT to the first uplinktransmission of the first RAT, receive configuration information linkingthe uplink timing for the first uplink transmission of the first RAT tothe reference timing of the second RAT. In some cases, the configurationinformation is received in RRC signaling from a base station of thefirst RAT.

FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 thatsupports mobility and power control techniques across multiple radioaccess technologies in accordance with aspects of the presentdisclosure. Device 905 may be an example of or include the components ofwireless device 605, wireless device 705, or a UE 115 as describedabove, for example, with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. Device 905 mayinclude components for bi-directional voice and data communicationsincluding components for transmitting and receiving communications,including communications manager 915, processor 920, memory 925,software 930, transceiver 935, antenna 940, and I/O controller 945.These components may be in electronic communication via one or morebuses (e.g., bus 910). Device 905 may communicate wirelessly with one ormore base stations 105.

Processor 920 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., ageneral-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), amicrocontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, adiscrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardwarecomponent, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 920 maybe configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. Inother cases, a memory controller may be integrated into processor 920.Processor 920 may be configured to execute computer-readableinstructions stored in a memory to perform various functions (e.g.,functions or tasks supporting mobility and power control techniquesacross multiple radio access technologies).

Memory 925 may include random access memory (RAM) and read only memory(ROM). The memory 925 may store computer-readable, computer-executablesoftware 930 including instructions that, when executed, cause theprocessor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases,the memory 925 may contain, among other things, a basic input/outputsystem (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operationsuch as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

Software 930 may include code to implement aspects of the presentdisclosure, including code to support mobility and power controltechniques across multiple radio access technologies. Software 930 maybe stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as systemmemory or other memory. In some cases, the software 930 may not bedirectly executable by the processor but may cause a computer (e.g.,when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.

Transceiver 935 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or moreantennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, thetransceiver 935 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicatebi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 935may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide themodulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulatepackets received from the antennas.

In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna 940.However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna 940,which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiplewireless transmissions.

I/O controller 945 may manage input and output signals for device 905.I/O controller 945 may also manage peripherals not integrated intodevice 905. In some cases, I/O controller 945 may represent a physicalconnection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, I/Ocontroller 945 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®,MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS/2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operatingsystem. In other cases, I/O controller 945 may represent or interactwith a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device.In some cases, I/O controller 945 may be implemented as part of aprocessor. In some cases, a user may interact with device 905 via I/Ocontroller 945 or via hardware components controlled by I/O controller945.

FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 for mobility andpower control techniques across multiple radio access technologies inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations ofmethod 1000 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components asdescribed herein. For example, the operations of method 1000 may beperformed by a communications manager as described with reference toFIGS. 6 through 9. In some examples, a UE 115 may execute a set of codesto control the functional elements of the device to perform thefunctions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 mayperform aspects of the functions described below using special-purposehardware.

At block 1005 the UE 115 may identify a first uplink transmission thatis to be transmitted using a first RAT. The operations of block 1005 maybe performed according to the methods described herein. In certainexamples, aspects of the operations of block 1005 may be performed by afirst RAT transmission manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6through 9.

At block 1010 the UE 115 may identify a received power of a downlinktransmission of a second RAT that is different than the first RAT. Theoperations of block 1010 may be performed according to the methodsdescribed herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations ofblock 1010 may be performed by a measuring component as described withreference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At block 1015 the UE 115 may determine a first uplink transmission powerfor the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least inpart on the received power of the downlink transmission of the secondRAT. The operations of block 1015 may be performed according to themethods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operationsof block 1015 may be performed by a power determination component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At block 1020 the UE 115 may transmit the first uplink transmissionusing the first uplink transmission power. The operations of block 1020may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certainexamples, aspects of the operations of block 1020 may be performed by afirst RAT transmission manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6through 9.

FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 for mobility andpower control techniques across multiple radio access technologies inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations ofmethod 1100 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components asdescribed herein. For example, the operations of method 1100 may beperformed by a communications manager as described with reference toFIGS. 6 through 9. In some examples, a UE 115 may execute a set of codesto control the functional elements of the device to perform thefunctions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 mayperform aspects of the functions described below using special-purposehardware.

At block 1105 the UE 115 may identify a first uplink transmission thatis to be transmitted using a first RAT. The operations of block 1105 maybe performed according to the methods described herein. In certainexamples, aspects of the operations of block 1105 may be performed by afirst RAT transmission manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6through 9.

At block 1110 the UE 115 may identify a reference timing of a second RATthat is different than the first RAT. The operations of block 1110 maybe performed according to the methods described herein. In certainexamples, aspects of the operations of block 1110 may be performed by atiming manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At block 1115 the UE 115 may determine an uplink timing for the firstuplink transmission of the first RAT based at least in part on thereference timing of the second RAT. The operations of block 1115 may beperformed according to the methods described herein. In certainexamples, aspects of the operations of block 1115 may be performed by atiming manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At block 1120 the UE 115 may transmit the first uplink transmissionusing the uplink timing. The operations of block 1120 may be performedaccording to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspectsof the operations of block 1120 may be performed by a first RATtransmission manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 for mobility andpower control techniques across multiple radio access technologies inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations ofmethod 1200 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components asdescribed herein. For example, the operations of method 1200 may beperformed by a communications manager as described with reference toFIGS. 6 through 9. In some examples, a UE 115 may execute a set of codesto control the functional elements of the device to perform thefunctions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 mayperform aspects of the functions described below using special-purposehardware.

At block 1205 the UE 115 may establish a first connection with a firstbase station using a first RAT and a second connection with the firstbase station using a second RAT. The operations of block 1205 may beperformed according to the methods described herein. In certainexamples, aspects of the operations of block 1205 may be performed by afirst RAT transmission manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6through 9.

At block 1210 the UE 115 may determine that the second connection is tobe handed over to a second base station. The operations of block 1210may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certainexamples, aspects of the operations of block 1210 may be performed by ahandover manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At block 1215 the UE 115 may initiate a handover of the first connectionbased at least in part on the determining that the second connection isto be handed over. The operations of block 1215 may be performedaccording to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspectsof the operations of block 1215 may be performed by a handover manageras described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 for mobility andpower control techniques across multiple radio access technologies inaccordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations ofmethod 1300 may be implemented by a UE 115 or its components asdescribed herein. For example, the operations of method 1300 may beperformed by a communications manager as described with reference toFIGS. 6 through 9. In some examples, a UE 115 may execute a set of codesto control the functional elements of the device to perform thefunctions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 mayperform aspects of the functions described below using special-purposehardware.

At block 1305 the UE 115 may establish a first connection with a firstbase station using a first RAT and a second connection with the firstbase station using a second RAT. The operations of block 1305 may beperformed according to the methods described herein. In certainexamples, aspects of the operations of block 1305 may be performed by afirst RAT transmission manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6through 9.

At block 1310 the UE 115 may identify a first uplink transmission thatis to be transmitted using a first RAT. The operations of block 1310 maybe performed according to the methods described herein. In certainexamples, aspects of the operations of block 1310 may be performed by afirst RAT transmission manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6through 9.

At block 1315 the UE 115 may identify a received power of a downlinktransmission of a second RAT that is different than the first RAT. Theoperations of block 1315 may be performed according to the methodsdescribed herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operations ofblock 1315 may be performed by a measuring component as described withreference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At block 1320 the UE 115 may determine a first uplink transmission powerfor the first uplink transmission of the first RAT based at least inpart on the received power of the downlink transmission of the secondRAT. The operations of block 1320 may be performed according to themethods described herein. In certain examples, aspects of the operationsof block 1320 may be performed by a power determination component asdescribed with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At block 1325 the UE 115 may transmit the first uplink transmissionusing the first uplink transmission power. The operations of block 1325may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certainexamples, aspects of the operations of block 1325 may be performed by afirst RAT transmission manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6through 9.

At block 1330 the UE 115 may determine that the second connection is tobe handed over to a second base station. The operations of block 1330may be performed according to the methods described herein. In certainexamples, aspects of the operations of block 1330 may be performed by ahandover manager as described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

At block 1330 the UE 115 may initiate a handover of the first connectionbased at least in part on the determining that the second connection isto be handed over. The operations of block 1330 may be performedaccording to the methods described herein. In certain examples, aspectsof the operations of block 1330 may be performed by a handover manageras described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9.

In some examples, aspects from two or more of the described methods maybe combined. It should be noted that the described methods are justexample implementations, and that the operations of the describedmethods may be rearranged or otherwise modified such that otherimplementations are possible.

Techniques described herein may be used for various wirelesscommunications systems such as code-division multiple access (CDMA),time-division multiple access (TDMA), frequency-division multiple access(FDMA), orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), singlecarrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and other systems.A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, UTRA,etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000Releases may be commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1×, 1×, etc. IS-856(TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1×EV-DO, High Rate PacketData (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variantsof CDMA. A TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as GlobalSystem for Mobile Communications (GSM).

An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra MobileBroadband (UMB), E-UTRA, Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20,Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS). LTE and LTE-A are releases of UMTSthat use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, NR, and GSM aredescribed in documents from the organization named “3rd GenerationPartnership Project” (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documentsfrom an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2”(3GPP2). The techniques described herein may be used for the systems andradio technologies mentioned above as well as other systems and radiotechnologies. While aspects of an LTE or an NR system may be describedfor purposes of example, and LTE or NR terminology may be used in muchof the description, the techniques described herein are applicablebeyond LTE or NR applications.

A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g.,several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs115 with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cellmay be associated with a lower-powered base station 105, as comparedwith a macro cell, and a small cell may operate in the same or different(e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc.) frequency bands as macro cells. Smallcells may include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells according tovarious examples. A pico cell, for example, may cover a small geographicarea and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 115 with servicesubscriptions with the network provider. A femto cell may also cover asmall geographic area (e.g., a home) and may provide restricted accessby UEs 115 having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs 115 in aclosed subscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 for users in the home, and thelike). An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNBfor a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, afemto eNB, or a home eNB. An eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two,three, four, and the like) cells, and may also support communicationsusing one or multiple component carriers.

The wireless communications system 100 or systems described herein maysupport synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronousoperation, the base stations 105 may have similar frame timing, andtransmissions from different base stations 105 may be approximatelyaligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations 105 mayhave different frame timing, and transmissions from different basestations 105 may not be aligned in time. The techniques described hereinmay be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.

Information and signals described herein may be represented using any ofa variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data,instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chipsthat may be referenced throughout the above description may berepresented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magneticfields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combinationthereof.

The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection withthe disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with ageneral-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a FPGA or other programmablelogic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardwarecomponents, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functionsdescribed herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor,but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor,controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also beimplemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combinationof a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or moremicroprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration).

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, softwareexecuted by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. Ifimplemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may bestored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are withinthe scope and spirit of the disclosure and appended claims. For example,due to the nature of software, functions described above can beimplemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware,hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementingfunctions may be physically located at various positions, includingbeing distributed such that portions of functions are implemented atdifferent physical locations. As used herein, including in the claims,the term “and/or,” when used in a list of two or more items, means thatany one of the listed items can be employed by itself, or anycombination of two or more of the listed items can be employed. Forexample, if a composition is described as containing components A, B,and/or C, the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and Bin combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B,and C in combination. Also, as used herein, including in the claims,“or” as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items prefacedby a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of”) indicates aninclusive list such that, for example, a phrase referring to “at leastone of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items,including single members. As an example, “at least one of: A, B, or C”is intended to cover A, B, C, A-B, A-C, B-C, and A-B-C, as well as anycombination with multiples of the same element (e.g., A-A A-A-A, A-A-B,A-A-C, A-B-B, A-C-C, B-B, B-B-B, B-B-C, C-C, and C-C-C or any otherordering of A, B, and C).

Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storagemedia and communication media including any medium that facilitatestransfer of a computer program from one place to another. Anon-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that can beaccessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way ofexample, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media cancomprise RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read only memory(EEPROM), compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magneticdisk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any othernon-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired programcode means in the form of instructions or data structures and that canbe accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or ageneral-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection isproperly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the softwareis transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using acoaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line(DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave,then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, orwireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave areincluded in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein,include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD),floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce datamagnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.Combinations of the above are also included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as areference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplaryfeature that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on botha condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of thepresent disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “basedon” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at leastin part on.”

In the appended figures, similar components or features may have thesame reference label. Further, various components of the same type maybe distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a secondlabel that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the firstreference label is used in the specification, the description isapplicable to any one of the similar components having the same firstreference label irrespective of the second reference label, or othersubsequent reference label.

The description set forth herein, in connection with the appendeddrawings, describes example configurations and does not represent allthe examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of theclaims. The term “exemplary” used herein means “serving as an example,instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous overother examples.” The detailed description includes specific details forthe purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques.These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specificdetails. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shownin block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of thedescribed examples.

The description herein is provided to enable a person skilled in the artto make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosurewill be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the genericprinciples defined herein may be applied to other variations withoutdeparting from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is notlimited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to beaccorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novelfeatures disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for wireless communication at a userequipment (UE), comprising: communicating one or more data transmissionson a first carrier in a first frequency band; identifying a first uplinktransmission that is to be transmitted on a second carrier in a secondfrequency band that is different than the first frequency band, thefirst uplink transmission not having an associated downlink transmissionfor the UE in the second frequency band; identifying a received power ofa downlink transmission received on a third carrier in a differentfrequency band than the second frequency band for transmitting the firstuplink transmission; determining a first uplink transmission power fortransmitting the first uplink transmission in the second frequency bandbased at least in part on the received power of the downlinktransmission received on the third carrier in the different frequencyband; and transmitting the first uplink transmission in the secondfrequency band using the first uplink transmission power.
 2. The methodof claim 1, wherein: the first uplink transmission is a supplementaluplink transmission not having the associated downlink transmission forthe UE in the second frequency band.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:the communicating the one or more data transmissions further comprisesreceiving a downlink transmission in the first frequency band, thedownlink transmission in the first frequency band not used to determinethe first uplink transmission power for transmitting the supplementaluplink transmission.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the secondfrequency band is a lower frequency band than the different frequencyband.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the second frequency band is alower frequency band than the different frequency band.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein: the different frequency band is the first frequencyband.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the identifying the receivedpower of the downlink transmission in the different frequency bandfurther comprises identifying the downlink transmission in the differentfrequency band, measuring the received power of the downlinktransmission in the different frequency band, and determining a pathlossassociated with the downlink transmission in the different frequencyband based at least in part on the measured received power.
 8. Themethod of claim 7, wherein: the determining the first uplinktransmission power for transmitting the first uplink transmission in thesecond frequency band further comprises using the pathloss associatedwith the downlink transmission in the different frequency band as areference serving cell pathloss in an uplink power calculation for thefirst uplink transmission in the second frequency band.
 9. The method ofclaim 1, wherein: a transmitter of the downlink transmission in thedifferent frequency band is colocated with a receiver of the firstuplink transmission in the second frequency band.
 10. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: receiving configuration information linkingthe downlink transmission in the different frequency band to the firstuplink transmission in the second frequency band.
 11. The method ofclaim 10, wherein: the configuration information is received in radioresource control (RRC) signaling from a base station.
 12. An apparatusfor wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: aprocessor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored inthe memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:communicate one or more data transmissions on a first carrier in a firstfrequency band; identify a first uplink transmission that is to betransmitted, on a second carrier, in a second frequency band that isdifferent than the first frequency band, the first uplink transmissionnot having an associated downlink transmission for the UE in the secondfrequency band; identify a received power of a downlink transmissionreceived on a third carrier in a different frequency band than thesecond frequency band for transmitting the first uplink transmission;determine a first uplink transmission power for transmitting the firstuplink transmission in the second frequency band based at least in parton the received power of the downlink transmission received on the thirdcarrier in the different frequency band; and transmit the first uplinktransmission in the second frequency band using the first uplinktransmission power.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein: the firstuplink transmission is a supplemental uplink transmission not having theassociated downlink transmission for the UE in the second frequencyband.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions arefurther executable by the processor to communicate the one or more datatransmissions by being executable by the processor to cause theapparatus to: receive a downlink transmission in the first frequencyband, the downlink transmission in the first frequency band not used todetermine the first uplink transmission power for transmitting thesupplemental uplink transmission.
 15. The apparatus of claim 12,wherein: the second frequency band is a lower frequency band than thedifferent frequency band.
 16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein: thedifferent frequency band is the first frequency band.
 17. The apparatusof 12, wherein: the different frequency band is a third frequency banddifferent than the first frequency band and the second frequency band.18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the instructions are furtherexecutable by the processor to identify the received power of thedownlink transmission in the different frequency band by beingexecutable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: identify thedownlink transmission in the different frequency band, measure thereceived power of the downlink transmission in the different frequencyband, and determine a pathloss associated with the downlink transmissionin the different frequency band based at least in part on the measuredreceived power.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the instructionsare further executable by the processor to determine the first uplinktransmission power for transmitting the first uplink transmission in thesecond frequency band by being executable by the processor to cause theapparatus to: use the pathloss associated with the downlink transmissionin the different frequency band as a reference serving cell pathloss inan uplink power calculation for the first uplink transmission in thesecond frequency band.
 20. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein: atransmitter of the downlink transmission in the different frequency bandis colocated with a receiver of the first uplink transmission in thesecond frequency band.
 21. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein theinstructions are further executable by the processor to cause theapparatus to: receive configuration information linking the downlinktransmission in the different frequency band to the first uplinktransmission in the second frequency band.
 22. The apparatus of claim21, wherein: the configuration information is received in radio resourcecontrol (RRC) signaling from a base station.
 23. An apparatus forwireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: means forcommunicating one or more data transmissions on a first carrier in afirst frequency band; means for identifying a first uplink transmissionthat is to be transmitted on a second carrier in a second frequency bandthat is different than the first frequency band, the first uplinktransmission not having an associated downlink transmission for the UEin the second frequency band; means for identifying a received power ofa downlink transmission received on a third carrier in a differentfrequency band than the second frequency band for transmitting the firstuplink transmission; means for determining a first uplink transmissionpower for transmitting the first uplink transmission in the secondfrequency band based at least in part on the received power of thedownlink transmission received on the third carrier in the differentfrequency band; and means for transmitting the first uplink transmissionin the second frequency band using the first uplink transmission power.